ZOOM OR ROOM? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE VERSUS OFFLINE LEARNING

Benediktus Rolando

Authors

Benediktus Rolando Universitas Dinamika Bangsa, Indonesia Author

Keywords:

Adoption, Customer Satisfaction, Digital Payment, Retail Performance, Technology Integration

Abstract

This systematic literature review examines the effectiveness of online, offline, and blended learning approaches in formal education settings, particularly in light of the educational shifts triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the PRISMA methodology, studies published between 2019 and 2025 were collected, screened, and synthesized through narrative analysis and bibliometric mapping via VOSviewer. The findings reveal that online learning offers flexibility and broad access but is often hindered by challenges such as limited engagement, digital literacy gaps, and unequal access to technology. Offline learning, while effective in promoting face-to-face interaction and immediate feedback, lacks adaptability during large-scale disruptions. Blended learning emerges as the most promising approach, combining the strengths of both modalities to improve academic performance, student satisfaction, and learning retention. This review underscores that the success of any instructional modality depends on contextual factors such as subject matter, instructional design, technological readiness, and learner characteristics. As the education sector moves forward post-pandemic, the adoption of flexible, inclusive, and student-centered pedagogical models—particularly blended learning—is essential for maximizing educational outcomes.

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