TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS ETIKA DAN SENSITIVITAS METODOLOGIS DALAM RISET KUALITATIF TENTANG KELOMPOK KEAGAMAAN MINORITAS DAN ISU KONFLIK
Keywords:
Etika Penelitian, Isu Sensitif, Kelompok Minoritas, Metodologi Kualitatif, Riset AgamaAbstract
Penelitian kualitatif yang membahas topik sensitif, seperti minoritas agama dan konteks konflik, menghadirkan tantangan etika mendalam yang seringkali melampaui pedoman prosedural standar. Tinjauan literatur sistematis (SLR) ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis lanskap tantangan etis saat ini dan adaptasi metodologis yang diusulkan untuk menavigasinya. Tinjauan ini mengikuti kerangka kerja PRISMA, secara sistematis mencari database Scopus dan Web of Science untuk studi kualitatif empiris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 dan 2024. Sintesis tematik dari 14 studi yang disertakan mengungkapkan ketegangan etika yang signifikan. Tantangan utama yang diidentifikasi termasuk kegagalan kerangka etika yang berpusat pada Barat untuk mengakomodasi nilai-nilai budaya dan agama non-Barat, fungsi dewan etika kelembagaan (IRB) sebagai mekanisme penjaga gerbang daripada perlindungan peserta, dan dilema kompleks posisi peneliti dan dinamika kekuasaan di lapangan. Sebagai tanggapan, literatur menganjurkan adaptasi metodologis yang signifikan yang berpusat pada "giliran dekolonial." Ini termasuk operasionalisasi "refleksivitas kritis" (pribadi, interpersonal, dan kontekstual) dan adopsi metodologi kolaboratif dan berbagi kekuasaan, seperti Penelitian Kualitatif Konsensual (CQR) dan Penelitian Aksi Partisipatif Feminis (PAR). Temuan ini secara kolektif berpendapat untuk pergeseran yang diperlukan dari "etika sebagai kepatuhan" (etika prosedural) menuju "etika dalam praktik" yang relasional, sensitif secara budaya, dan bertanggung jawab secara sosial.
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Indonesia 
