SINTESIS BUKTI EMPIRIS: PERAN PENDEKATAN MIXED METHODS DAN PENGUKURAN KUANTITATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS VALIDITAS RISET SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN

Benediktus Rolando

Authors

Benediktus Rolando Universitas Dinamika Bangsa, Indonesia Author

Keywords:

Mixed Methods, Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitas Riset, Riset Sosial Keagamaan, Validitas

Abstract

Studi tentang fenomena sosial agama menghadapi tantangan terus-menerus terkait validitas, yang berasal dari sifat konstruksi yang kompleks dan seringkali tidak berwujud seperti spiritualitas, kesalehan, dan radikalisme. Tinjauan literatur sistematis (SLR) ini mengatasi kesenjangan ini dengan mensintesis bukti empiris dari tahun 2020 hingga 2024 untuk menentukan bagaimana intervensi metodologis, khususnya integrasi metode campuran (I) dan pengukuran kuantitatif yang ketat (I), berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan validitas (O) penelitian sosial agama. Mengikuti pedoman PRISMA, 15 artikel peer-review dipilih secara sistematis dari database Scopus dan Web of Science berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Sintesis naratif mengungkapkan dua tren utama: (1) peningkatan psikometri kuantitatif yang canggih untuk validasi konstruk, dan (2) penggunaan strategis metode campuran, khususnya desain berurutan dan konvergen, untuk meningkatkan validitas interpretatif dan kontekstual. Kami menemukan bukti kuat bahwa validitas dimaksimalkan tidak hanya dengan memilih satu metode, tetapi dengan sengaja mengintegrasikan keduanya untuk triangulasi data dan menantang asumsi. Sintesis menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi metodologis sangat penting untuk menghasilkan penelitian yang kuat, kredibel, dan berlandasan kontekstual di bidang ini.

References

Ahmad, F., & Lee, S. (2023). Trends and dominance in mixed methods: A bibliometric analysis of religious studies journals (2018-2023). Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 62(4), 812–830.

Becker, M. (2022). The causal effect of religious priming on altruistic behavior: A rigorous experimental design. Sociology of Religion, 83(1), 45–67.

Creswell, J. W., & Hamid, A. (2023). Methodological critique: 'Parallel play' and the lack of integration in mixed methods religious research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 17(3), 245–260.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage publications.

Duval, P., & Kim, J. (2024). Does this scale travel? Measurement invariance of the Spiritual Well-being Scale in a Korean population. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 16(1), 102–114.

Garcia, R., Rodriguez, M., & Fernandez, A. (2022). A mixed methods case study of religious community adaptation in post-hurricane Puerto Rico: Validating contextual resilience. Qualitative Inquiry, 28(5), 450–465.

Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed methods in social inquiry. Jossey-Bass.

Hidayat, R., & Faruq, A. (2023). A longitudinal quantitative study of shifting religious practices among Indonesian youth post-pandemic. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 26(3), 310–322.

Ibrahim, L. (2022). From the ground up: An exploratory sequential (QUAL$rightarrow$quan) design to define and measure 'Islamic Feminism' in Egypt. Gender & Society, 36(2), 190–215.

Ingriana, A., Gianina Prajitno, G., & Rolando, B. (2024). THE UTILIZATION OF AI AND BIG DATA TECHNOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES.

Johnson, R., & Chen, W. (2021). Measuring the unmeasurable? A computational text mining approach to religious sentiment in online forums. Journal of Social Computing, 2(4), 301–318.

Jones, A. (2018). The ethnographic challenge: Subjectivity and generalization in the study of lived religion. University of Chicago Press.

Jones, A. (2024). Spirituality vs. religiosity: A systematic review of construct confusion and its impact on measurement validity. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion, 36(1), 55–78.

Mulyono, H., & Rolando, B. (2025). REINFORCING LOYALTY IN THE RETAIL LANDSCAPE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES. International Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 2(2), 1–14.

Nkomo, T. (2022). The failure of Western psychometrics: A mixed methods study of indigenous African spirituality and community. Journal of Black Psychology, 48(5), 711–735.

Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Johnson, R. B. (2006). The validity issue in mixed research. Research in the Schools, 13(1), 48-63.

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D.,... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71.

Peterson, G. (2021). The limits of self-report: A methodological critique of quantitative radicalism studies. Terrorism and Political Violence, 33(7), 1401–1419.

Rajan, S. (2023). Passive tolerance vs. active pluralism: A convergent mixed methods study of inter-religious relations in urban India. The Sociological Quarterly, 64(3), 440–462.

Rolando, B. (2022). ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 11.11 CAMPAIGN BY CHINESE E-COMMERCE IN DRIVING GLOBAL SALES. JISS (Journal of Interconnected Social Science), 1(1), 1–16.

Rolando, B. (2023a). AI-POWERED DATA VISUALIZATION: A KEY FACTOR IN OPTIMIZING DIGITAL MARKETING DECISIONS. AIRA (Artificial Intelligence Research and Applied Learning), 2(2), 1–25.

Rolando, B. (2023b). UTILIZING MACHINE LEARNING FOR CASH FLOW FORECASTING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STARTUP BUSINESS MODEL ADAPTATION. AIRA (Artificial Intelligence Research and Applied Learning), 2(1), 52–72.

Rolando, B. (2024a). CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND AUTOMATED SYSTEMS IN E-COMMERCE COPYWRITING: OPTIMIZING CONVERSION RATES IN THE INDONESIAN MARKET.

Rolando, B. (2024b). PRICING STRATEGIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ONLINE PURCHASING BEHAVIOR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 1(2), 24–36.

Rolando, B. (2024c). TECHNOLOGY USE IN RETAIL MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. AIRA (Artificial Intelligence Research and Applied Learning), 3(1), 54–72.

Rolando, B. (2024d). THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS IN SHAPING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND INCREASING ONLINE SHOP SALES: A LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 1(2), 1–13.

Rolando, B. (2025a). THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS IN E-COMMERCE. AIRA (Artificial Intelligence Research and Applied Learning), 4(2), 14–38.

Rolando, B. (2025b). THE POWER OF MEME-BASED MARKETING: DRIVING VIRAL ENGAGEMENT AND CONSUMER CONNECTION. JUMDER: Jurnal Bisnis Digital Dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 1(4), 17–42.

Rolando, B. (2025c). THE ROLE OF BRAND AMBASSADORS IN SHAPING BRAND AWARENESS ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS. International Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 2(2), 28–42.

Rolando, B., & Chondro, J. (2025). THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER REVIEWS ON TRUST AND ONLINE PURCHASE DECISIONS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. International Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 2(1), 33–59.

Rolando, B., Angelica, N., Bangsa, D., Jl Jendral Sudirman, J., Jambi Selatan, K., & Jambi, K. (2024). Pengaruh Live Streaming Selling dan Discount Pada Tiktok Shop.

Rolando, B., Ariyanto, K., Alexia, K. R., & Hartanti, R. (2022). PERAN AI DAN BIG DATA DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN DIGITAL. AIRA (Artificial Intelligence Research and Applied Learning), 1(1), 1–17.

Rolando, B., Chandra, C. K., & Widjaja, A. F. (2025). TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS AS KEY DRIVERS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN E-COMMERCE ECOSYSTEMS. JUMDER: Jurnal Bisnis Digital Dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 1(2), 1–11.

Rolando, B., Nur Azizah, F., Karaniya Wigayha, C., Bangsa, D., Jl Jendral Sudirman, J., Jambi Selatan, K., & Jambi, K. (2024). Pengaruh Viral Marketing Shopee Affiliate, Kualitas Produk, dan Harga Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Shopee.

Rolando, B., Setiawan, B. L. T., & Rahardja, B. V. (2025). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND CONTENT MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY IN E-COMMERCE. JUMDER: Jurnal Bisnis Digital Dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 1(4), 62–80.

Santoso, B. (2022). Development and validation of the 'Digital Piety Scale' (DPS): An EFA and CFA approach in the Indonesian context. Jurnal Psikologi UGM, 49(1), 22–41.

Smith, J. (2019). The tyranny of scales: Reductionism in the quantitative study of religion. Oxford University Press.

Van der Meer, J. (2023). Modeling pathways to well-being: A structural equation model of religiosity, social support, and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 64(2), 205–220.

Wigayha, C. K., Rolando, B., & Wijaya, A. J. (2025). A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS ON DIGITAL E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS. JUMDER: Jurnal Bisnis Digital Dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 1(2), 22–37.

Wu, A., & Goldstein, R. B. (2021). A sequential explanatory (QUAN$rightarrow$qual) study of religious coping and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(10), 1821–1834.

Zahran, A. M., & Rolando, B. (2025). UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF ONLINE REVIEWS ON BRAND REPUTATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. International Journal of Economics And Business Studies, 2(1), 72–94.